Atom and religious scholars
Religiously: The word atom is mentioned in the Qur’an 6 times:
1- [Indeed, God does not wrong the example of an atom] Surah An-Nisa 40.
2- [And there is not an atom's weight in the earth or in the heavens beyond your Lord, nor less than that nor greater] Surah Yunus 61.
3- [Not an atom’s weight escapes him in the heavens or on the earth, nor is it less than that or greater than that] Surah Saba 3.
4- [They do not possess an atom’s weight in the heavens and the earth] Surah Saba 22.
5- [He who does an atom’s weight of good will see it] Surat Al-Zalzalah 7.
6- [And whoever does an atom’s weight of evil will see it] Surat Al-Zalzalah 8
Scientifically, we find that the components of an atom also consist of 6 elements:
1- Leptons.
2- Quarks.
3- Gravitons.
4- Photons.
5- Positrons.
6- Gluons.
Religiously: The Qur’an says [the weight of an atom] and the Mithqal is a unit for measuring weights.
Scientifically: Atomic scientists believed that the atom had no weight, then they discovered that the atom has weight and expressed it in terms of the atomic mass of each element or the molar mass.
Religiously: The Qur’an says [Neither smaller than that nor greater] that is, it proves that the atom is divided into smaller parts.
Scientifically, it has been prevalent since ancient times that the atom means the substance that is indivisible into what is smaller, but the German scientist Martin Claproth proved that there is a nucleus in 1789, and in the past forty years, particles smaller than the nucleus itself have been discovered.
Religiously: The Qur’an says, “And from everything we created pairs.”
Scientifically, the British scientist Thomson concluded that the charges of electrons are negative and the charges of protons are positive.
Religiously: The Qur’an says, “And they all glorify in an orbit.”
Scientifically, the scientist Rutherford says that the speed of the atom particles is about 20 thousand kilometers per second.
What is the difference between Rutherford and Bohr's model?
Rutherford's model: Rutherford's model states that an atom consists of a central nucleus where almost the total mass of that atom is concentrated, and lightweight particles move around this central core.
Bohr Model: Bohr model shows that electrons always travel in specific shells or orbits located around the nucleus and that these shells have discrete energy levels.
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