MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
STRINGED INSTRUMENTS (CHORDOPHONES)
Violin
They include bowed string instruments, either by a bow (family of violins), or by a wheel (hurdy-gurdy); plucked string instruments, by the fingers, without a neck (lyre and harp), with a neck (lute and guitar), or by a mechanism (spinet, harpsichord); instruments with percussive strings, by hand (cymbalom) or by a mechanism (clavichord, piano).
AIR INSTRUMENTS (AEROPHONES)
Clarinet
They include notched, side, or beveled instruments (flute); instruments with single or double reeds (oboe, clarinet, etc.); mouthpiece instruments, natural (hunting horn) or chromatic slide, key or piston (trombone, flute, cornet); keyboard instruments (organs, harmonium), the sound being produced by pipes grouped into sets and then transmitted via a blower.
DIAPHRAGM INSTRUMENTS (MEMBRAPHONES)
Timpani
These are mainly drums, whose body is more or less tubular (cylindrical, conical, barrel, hourglass, goblet, etc.), hemispherical (timpani), or made up of a frame (basque drum). Other elements are then considered, such as the method of attachment of the skin (glued, laced, nailed, strapped), the way of striking the instrument, and the material of the body.
INSTRUMENTS WITHOUT DIAPHRAGM (IDIOPHONES)
Hit Cymbals
They sound by themselves, without the aid of strings or membranes. They can be excited mainly by percussion (xylophone, bell), knocking (cymbals), shaking (rattle), or scraping (rattle).
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS
Synthesizer
To these different families are now added electric instruments (guitars, violins), which sound via one or more amplifiers, the electronic organ, the ones Martenot, the piano, and electronic keyboards, and, finally, the synthesizer, combining a control keyboard and a sound generator. These instruments reproduce the sounds of acoustic instruments by synthesis or by sampling pre-recorded sounds (organ, piano), have their own timbre (ondes Martenot), or offer the musician the possibility of modifying or creating his own sounds (synthesizer).
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