Soil and Environmental Protection
Soil: A group of mineral or organic materials found on the upper surface of the earth, which have been exposed to the effects of genetic and environmental factors such as microorganisms and climate (such as the effects of water, temperature, weathering, and erosion factors), which in turn act as a natural factor for the growth of terrestrial plants, and must be preserved Soil, which is done by reducing its exposure to erosion factors, preserving its fertility, avoiding its deterioration, and reducing environmental pollution with chemicals, and this is done through the use of good agricultural techniques and practices, and therefore, soil conservation strategies contribute significantly to the sustainability of the environment and its resources.
irrigation
Irrigation is one of the most important methods used to protect the soil, but on the condition that the level of rain does not increase in the areas planted with plants. In such a case, the irrigation process must be stopped, especially if the plants are located next to the slopes because the rainwater is sufficient for the growth of different plants.
Protection from drift or erosion
Soil can be protected from erosion or erosion as follows:
- Collect rainwater or any type of water in a barrel, and use a system to divert water to the garden or water tank.
- Planting shrubs and trees near sloping areas and beaches, because it reduces water run-off by 50%. Use mulch (soil cover) if possible.
- Cultivation of any kind of plants in vacant areas in the gardens.
- Building terraces or walls to retain water, because building walls in the middle of lands or gardens is one of the things used to stop water, and protect the soil from erosion processes
- Growing rooted plants to absorb water.
- Leave gardens unplugged.
Presence of living organisms in the soil
The focus currently lies in providing chemical inputs manufactured in the soil, at a time when the presence of living organisms is the best, and most beneficial to the soil, so farmers must know the best ways to support the presence of these organisms, to improve the productivity of agricultural crops.
permaculture
The soil and life must be preserved. Dry beans, such as lima beans, red beans, or black beans, can be added to the soil; Because pulses provide the soil with great nutritional value, and their roots are rich in soil microbes that live in them, as bacteria absorb nitrogen gas from the layers of the atmosphere, which is one of the important compounds for most living organisms, especially plants.
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